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Pellet making machines are known by way of more than a few names, including biomass pellet appliance, biomass pellet mill along with biomass pellet press among others. The basic principle of all biomass pellet machines is the compression of the biomass residue between a roller as well as die. The pressure plus heat involved melts the biomass residue together along with forms it into a pellet shape. Once the pellets cool they hold the pellet shape along with quality pellets are durable. However the above comment is to produce the process appear much more uncomplicated than it actually is, as the characteristics and qualities of the raw material directly impact on how well the matter performs in the pellet mill. The key factors which result the materials performance are particle size, material density, moisture content along with lignin percentage.

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The general rule for particle size before going into the pellet is to be smaller than the diameter of the pellet to be produced. For case in point if the pellet mill is using a 6mm die, the raw matter particle size should be 6mm or below. However several studies have shown that a smaller particle size of around 3mm performs better in the biomass pellet machine generating a more compressed pellet. One of the reasons for this owing to a smaller particle size, the pellet mill has better heat penetration into the raw material to melt the untreated lignin to help form the pellet. Though, reducing the particle size below 3mm can have a negative outcome on pellet compression. As a fine dust the rollers of the pellet find it hard to trap the matter between the roller in addition to die. Also as the fibre of the raw material has been broken down to such a level, compression results are severely effected. Once the correct particle size has been established the biomass is processed in a hammer mill by way of a suitably sized screen to get ready the biomass particles for the biomass pellet machine. Yet material density also effects the performance of the pellet mill. For example the pellet mill will have a different productivity by means of softwood residues compared to hardwood residues. The reasons for this is it is easier to compress softwood in addition to heat penetration is easier, therefore a higher productivity can be achieved by way of softwood residues. Some biomass pellet manufactures create a blend of softwood along with hardwood residues to improve the performance of the biomass pellet machine.

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One of the key reasons biomass pellets burn so efficiently is due to the fact their moisture content is so low, though a certain percentage of moisture is required in the pellet manufacture process to help to melt the untreated lignin to bind the pellet together. This percentage varies between biomass species as well as dissimilar pellet machines in addition to processes. For instance, large scale production uses steam conditioners to organize the particle plus pre-melt the lignin, here a lower moisture content is suitable. On the other hand for smaller scale construction where steam conditioning is not practical or affordable, a higher moisture content is required. Some raw materials may also require additional binder in addition to lubricants as the percentage of organic lignin is not ample. If this is the example the most common additional binders are based around modified corn starch. The input is below 1%, along with can improve pellet quality plus also increase pellet mill productivity.

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